Efficacy and safety of Acmella oleracea for pharmaceutical use. A review
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Date
2025-11-08
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Publisher
Universidad CES
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify and analyze scientific evidence regarding the potential of Acmella oleracea as an active ingredient for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. A total of 60 scientific articles were reviewed using a data extraction matrix, which organized the findings into categories such as botanical origin, traditional uses, chemical composition, bioactive properties, market potential, efficacy, and safety.
The plant was found to contain spilanthol as its principal bioactive compound, responsible for its well-documented analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and spasmolytic effects. These activities were primarily supported by in vitro and in vivo studies. Traditionally, A. oleracea has been used for toothaches, inflammation, and digestive ailments. Its commercial application is expanding internationally, particularly in cosmetic products with anti-aging and muscle-relaxing claims, although local commercialization in countries such as Colombia remains limited and unregulated.
Despite promising pharmacological findings, clinical trials in humans are scarce, and long-term toxicological data are insufficient. Most toxicological assessments indicated low acute toxicity, but there is a lack of studies evaluating chronic exposure, genotoxicity, and pharmacokinetics. These limitations hinder its approval under stricter regulatory frameworks.
In conclusion, Acmella oleracea demonstrates significant potential as a natural bioactive agent for therapeutic and cosmetic use. However, further clinical validation, toxicological research, and regulatory standardization are essential to ensure its safe and effective incorporation into evidence- based formulations.
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Keywords
Acmella oleracea, Spilanthol, Pharmacological activity, Safety assessmen, Toxicity