Anthropometric profile, body composition by dual X-ray absorptiometry and physical capacities in Colombian volleyball players

Abstract

Volleyball is a sport characterized by fast, intermittent actions that demand strength, power, and optimal body composition for performance. In Colombia, there is limited evidence regarding the functional and morphological profiles of competitive players. The aim of this study was to identify the anthropometric, body composition, and physical capacities characteristics of volleyball representative players of the Antioquia and Colombia national team in 2025. Sixteen players (17–34 years) were assessed using anthropometry, DXA, somatotype analysis, countermovement jump (CMJ), and load–velocity profiling in the squat exercise. Significant positional differences were found in stature, sitting height, and wingspan, with higher values in middle blockers and opposite hitters. The mean body fat percentage was 17.1 ± 4.6%, being higher in liberos and lower in opposite hitters; the overall somatotype corresponded to a balanced mesomorphic profile. In strength tests, the mean propulsive velocity (MPV) at 60 kg was 1.12 ± 0.19 m/s, and the mean CMJ height was 46.2 ± 5.7 cm, with setters and outside hitters showing the best results. These findings reveal specific functional adaptations according to playing position and support the combined use of body composition and strength assessments as practical tools for monitoring, individualization, and training planning in Colombian volleyball players.